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BCS CTFL4 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Test Tools: The topic discusses classification of tools. It also focuses on the risks and benefits of test automation.

Topic 2

Static Testing: The topic covers static testing basics, the feedback and review process.

Topic 3

Managing the Test Activities: This topic explains how to plan tests in general, monitor and control test activities, and report defects in a clear and understandable way.

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BCS ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 Sample Questions (Q143-Q148):

NEW QUESTION # 143
Which of the following coverage criteria results in the highest coverage for state transition based test cases?

A. Covering all transitions at least once
B. Covering only start and end states
C. Can't be determined
D. Covering all states at least once

Answer: A

Explanation:
Covering all transitions at least once is the highest coverage criterion for state transition based test cases, because it ensures that every possible change of state is tested at least once. This means that all the events that trigger the transitions, as well as the actions and outputs that result from the transitions, are verified. Covering all transitions at least once also implies covering all states at least once, but not vice versa. Therefore, option D is not the highest coverage criterion. Option C is the lowest coverage criterion, because it only tests the initial and final states of the system or component, without checking the intermediate states or transitions.
Option A is incorrect, because the coverage criteria for state transition based test cases can be determined and compared based on the number of transitions and states covered. References = CTFL 4.0 Syllabus, Section
4.2.3, page 49-50.

NEW QUESTION # 144
Which of the following statements refers to good testing practice to be applied regardless of the chosen software development model?

A. Tests should be written in executable format before the code is written and should act as executable specifications that drive coding
B. Test levels should be defined such that the exit criteria of one level are part of the entry criteria for the next level
C. Involvement of testers in work product reviews should occur as early as possible to take advantage of the early testing principle
D. Test objectives should be the same for all test levels, although the number of tests designed at various levels can vary significantly

Answer: C

Explanation:
The statement that refers to good testing practice to be applied regardless of the chosen software development model is option D, which says that involvement of testers in work product reviews should occur as early as possible to take advantage of the early testing principle. Work product reviews are static testing techniques, in which the work products of the software development process, such as the requirements, the design, the code, the test cases, etc., are examined by one or more reviewers, with or without the author, to identify defects, violations, or improvements. Involvement of testers in work product reviews can provide various benefits for the testing process, such as improving the test quality, the test efficiency, and the test communication. The early testing principle states that testing activities should start as early as possible in the software development lifecycle, and should be performed iteratively and continuously throughout the lifecycle. Applying the early testing principle can help to prevent, detect, and remove defects at an early stage, when they are easier, cheaper, and faster to fix, as well as to reduce the risk, the cost, and the time of the testing process. The other options are not good testing practices to be applied regardless of the chosen software development model, but rather specific testing practices that may or may not be applicable or beneficial for testing, depending on the context and the objectives of the testing activities, such as:
* Tests should be written in executable format before the code is written and should act as executable specifications that drive coding: This is a specific testing practice that is associated with test-driven development, which is an approach to software development and testing, in which the developers write automated unit tests before writing the source code, and then refactor the code until the tests pass. Test- driven development can help to improve the quality, the design, and the maintainability of the code, as well as to provide fast feedback and guidance for the developers. However, test-driven development is not a good testing practice to be applied regardless of the chosen software development model, as it may not be feasible, suitable, or effective for testing in some contexts or situations, such as when the requirements are unclear, unstable, or complex, when the test automation tools or skills are not available or adequate, when the testing objectives or levels are not aligned with the unit testing, etc.
* Test levels should be defined such that the exit criteria of one level are part of the entry criteria for the next level: This is a specific testing practice that is associated with sequential software development models, such as the waterfall model, the V-model, or the W-model, in which the software development and testing activities are performed in a linear and sequential order, with well-defined phases, deliverables, and dependencies. Test levels are the stages of testing that correspond to the levels of integration of the software system, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Test levels should have clear and measurable entry criteria and exit criteria, which are the conditions that must be met before starting or finishing a test level. In sequential software development models, the exit criteria of one test level are usually part of the entry criteria for the next test level, to ensure that the software system is ready and stable for the next level of testing. However, this is not a good testing practice to be applied regardless of the chosen software development model, as it may not be relevant, flexible, or efficient for testing in some contexts or situations, such as when the software development and testing activities are performed in an iterative and incremental order, with frequent changes, feedback, and adaptations, as in agile software development models, such as Scrum, Kanban, or XP, when the test levels are not clearly defined or distinguished, or when the test levels are performed in parallel or concurrently, etc.
* Test objectives should be the same for all test levels, although the number of tests designed at various levels can vary significantly: This is a specific testing practice that is associated with uniform software development models, such as the spiral model, the incremental model, or the prototyping model, in which the software development and testing activities are performed in a cyclical and repetitive manner, with similar phases, deliverables, and processes. Test objectives are the goals or the purposes of testing, which can vary depending on the test level, the test type, the test technique, the test environment, the test stakeholder, etc. Test objectives can be defined in terms of the test basis, the test coverage, the test quality, the test risk, the test cost, the test time, etc. Test objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, and they should be aligned with the project objectives and the quality characteristics. In uniform software development models, the test objectives may be the same for all test levels, as the testing process is repeated for each cycle or iteration, with similar focus, scope, and perspective of testing. However, this is not a good testing practice to be applied regardless of the chosen software development model, as it may not be appropriate, realistic, or effective for testing in some contexts or situations, such as when the software development and testing activities are performed in a hierarchical and modular manner, with different phases, deliverables, and dependencies, as in sequential software development models, such as the waterfall model, the V-model, or the W-model, when the test objectives vary according to the test levels, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, or when the test objectives change according to the feedback, the learning, or the adaptation of the testing process, as in agile software development models, such as Scrum, Kanban, or XP, etc.References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.1.1, Testing and the Software Development Lifecycle1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.1, Testing Principles1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.2, Testing Policies, Strategies, and Test Approaches1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.1, Test Planning1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.2, Test Monitoring and Control1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.3, Test Analysis and Design1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.4, Test Implementation1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.5, Test Execution1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.6, Test Closure1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Work Product Review, Static Testing, Early Testing, Test- driven Development, Test Level, Entry Criterion, Exit Criterion, Test Objective, Test Basis, Test Coverage, Test Quality, Test Risk, Test Cost, Test Time2

NEW QUESTION # 145
A new web app aims at offering a rich user experience. As a functional tester, you have run some functional tests to verify that, before releasing the app, such app works correctly on several mobile devices, all of which are listed as supported devices within the requirements specification. These tests were performed on stable and isolated test environments where you were the only user interacting with the application. All tests passed, but in some of those tests you observed the following issue: on some mobile devices only, the response time for two web pages containing images was extremely slow.
Based only on the given information, which of the following recommendation would you follow?

A. You should not open any defect report as the problem is most likely due to poor hardware equipment on the devices where you observed the issue
B. You should not open any defect report and inform the test manager that the devices on which you observed the issue should no longer be supported so that they will be removed from the requirements specification
C. The issue is related to performance efficiency, not functionality. Thus, as a functional tester, you should not open any defect report as all the functional tests passed
D. You should open a defect report providing detailed information on which devices and by running which tests you observed the issue

Answer: D

Explanation:
As a functional tester, you should open a defect report providing detailed information on which devices and by running which tests you observed the issue. A defect report is a document that records the occurrence, nature, and status of a defect detected during testing, and provides information for further investigation and resolution. A defect report should include relevant information such as the defect summary, the defect description, the defect severity, the defect priority, the defect status, the defect origin, the defect category, the defect reproduction steps, the defect screenshots, the defect attachments, etc. Opening a defect report is a good practice for any tester who finds a defect in the software system, regardless of the type or level of testing performed. The other options are not recommended, because:
The issue is related to performance efficiency, not functionality, but that does not mean that as a functional tester, you should not open any defect report as all the functional tests passed. Performance efficiency is a quality characteristic that measures how well the software system performs its functions under stated conditions, such as the response time, the resource utilization, the throughput, etc. Performance efficiency is an important aspect of the user experience, especially for web applications that run on different devices and networks. Even if the functional tests passed, meaning that the software system met the functional requirements, the performance issue observed on some devices could still affect the user satisfaction, the usability, the reliability, and the security of the software system. Therefore, as a functional tester, you have the responsibility to report the performance issue as a defect, and provide as much information as possible to help the developers or the performance testers to investigate and resolve it.

NEW QUESTION # 146
Which ONE of the following options BEST describes thethird test quadrant (Q3)?

A. This test quadrant is technology-facing and supports the team. These tests should be automated and included in the continuous integration (CI) process.
B. This test quadrant contains functional tests, examples, user story tests, user experience prototypes, API testing, and simulations. These tests check the acceptance criteria and can be manual or automated.
C. This test quadrant is business-facing and criticizes the system. It contains exploratory testing, usability testing, and user acceptance testing.
D. This test quadrant contains smoke tests and non-functional tests (except usability tests). These tests are often automated.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:TheAgile Testing Quadrantsframework categorizes tests based on theirpurpose and audience:
* Quadrant 1 (Q1): Technology-facing tests (unit and component tests).
* Quadrant 2 (Q2): Business-facing tests supporting development (e.g., BDD tests).
* Quadrant 3 (Q3):Business-facing tests that critique the system (B).
* Includesusability testing, exploratory testing, and UATto ensure software meets user expectations.
* Quadrant 4 (Q4): Technology-facing tests that critique the system (e.g., performance, security testing).
Option B correctly defines Q3since it focuses onevaluating the user experience, exploring the system, and validating business expectations.

NEW QUESTION # 147
To be able to define testable acceptance criteria, specific topics need to be addressed. In the table below are the topics matched to an incorrect description. Match the topics (the left column) with the correct description (the right column) TopicDescription

A. ScenariosC: The externally observable behaviour with user actions as input operating under certain configurations.
B. A TO A, B TO B, CTOB, DTO E AND E TO D
C. External interfacesE: Activities that can only be performed in the system under certain conditions defined by outside procedures and constraints.
D. How the system performs the specific behaviour.
8: Quality characteristicsB: A sequence of actions between an external actor and the system, to accomplish a specific goal or business task.
E. A to C, B to A, C to B, D to D and E to E
F. A to E, B to A, C to B, D to C and E to D
G. Business rulesD; Description of the connections between the system to be developed and the outside world.
H. A to C, B to A, C to B. D to E and E to D

Answer: D

Explanation:
The correct matching of the topics with their descriptions is as follows:
* Functional behaviour: The externally observable behaviour with user actions as input operating under certain configurations (A to C).
* Quality characteristics: How the system performs the specific behaviour (B to A).
* Scenarios: A sequence of actions between an external actor and the system, to accomplish a specific goal or business task (C to B).
* Business rules: Activities that can only be performed in the system under certain conditions defined by outside procedures and constraints (D to E).
* External interfaces: Description of the connections between the system to be developed and the outside world (E to D).

NEW QUESTION # 148
......

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